Transactions in the activities of big city produce a lot of data, including healthcare and waste management. This data can be harnessed to the planning of operative resource allocation, but also the planning of long-term resources needed in these areas. These two areas were selected to be cases of work because the Institute of Information Systems Science has established research activity in both of them. Research on healthcare has a long history in the Institute (Hyppönen et al., 2009; Li & Suomi, 2009; Suomi, 2009; Suomi, D’Cruz, & Teixeira, 2010). Research on waste management is first on its beginning, but is having a strong start as the Institute is a part of the ARVI SHOK-project. ARVI creates data, assessment tools and concepts for material value chain management and processing of materials to enable for the Finnish companies to expand and deepen their knowhow. Turun Seudun Jätehuolto, as well as Rouskis are partners in ARVI. The Institute has already taken its first steps in Big Data analysis too (Suomi & Kestilä, 2006; Suomi & Raitoharju, 2008; Suomi & Sjöblom, 2009). The work to be performed in ARVI greatly interacts with the goals of this project. The experience of professor Joas from Åbo Akademi in environmental issues is also of fundamental support for this subproject. The two areas also very nicely represent two different fields of city management: one very much human-oriented and mostly acute, the second material-oriented and mostly non-urgent – both yet crucial to the city functioning. One research question is, in which kind of fields of city management Big Data production and analysis holds the biggest promise. The main tasks in the subproject are three: identifying and analyzing the most promising sources of Big Data, identifying and analyzing the most promising decision situations that could benefit from Big Data, and then finding out how the best supply and demand can be efficiently merged.