The 10th annual Conference on Operational Maritime Law was organised from 2-5th September 2024 at the University of Ljubljana by the NATO Centre of Excellence of Operations in Confined and Shallow Waters, in cooperation with the Republic of Slovenia Ministry of Defence. Åbo Akademi/BALEX was represented at the Conference by Jouni Honkala. One of the main topics was the overall challenge of protecting of critical infrastructure at sea from the perspectives of the law of the sea, on operational perspective, economic perspective and the international law perspective. The Vignettes introduced the participants to very actual and challenging issues of the situation in the Indo-Pacific Ocean. The operations of China in the East China Sea, Taiwan and South China Sea were also heavily on the agenda. Various scenarios of hybrid activities in the Baltic Sea and the Red Sea region were assessed. New developments in autonomous and unmanned systems were approached from the view of commercial use (Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships, MASS), navy deployment and the recent Newport Manual.