{"id":413,"date":"2021-04-14T11:54:20","date_gmt":"2021-04-14T11:54:20","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs2.abo.fi\/statsvetardagarna2021\/?page_id=413"},"modified":"2021-04-20T09:42:15","modified_gmt":"2021-04-20T09:42:15","slug":"democratic%e2%80%afand-undemocratic-resistance","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/blogs2.abo.fi\/statsvetardagarna2021\/democratic%e2%80%afand-undemocratic-resistance\/","title":{"rendered":"Democratic\u202fand Undemocratic Resistance (Tuesday)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Liberal democracy assumes the existence of more or less codified rules that tell how political dissent and protest\u00a0should be expressed. In addition to regular institutional participation and campaigning, &#8217;permitted&#8217;\u00a0tools\u00a0include demonstrations, boycotts, strikes, and the like, as long as laws, physical property and personal space are not violated. A more controversial zone consists of tactics such as civil disobedience, which, according to many theorists, can justify breaches of law to promote a greater good, but under rather stringent conditions such as non-violence, publicity and acceptance of legal consequences. More extreme use of force, such as violent riots, insurgence, or rebellion, seldom enjoys the acceptance of at least mainstream thinkers, but they are\u00a0not unseen\u00a0and can indicate the existence of more serious divisions between those who defend the present system even with its faults and those who advocate a transition towards a fundamentally different society. This landscape creates a novel situation in which the judgment of political tactics, such as civil disobedience, becomes increasingly difficult, further complicated by the alleged deterioration of a shared factual base of politics. This panel invites presentations that address and interpret theoretical and empirical examples of democratic and undemocratic protest and resistance.<\/p>\n<p>Languages: English, Finnish, Swedish<\/p>\n<p>Chairs:\u202f\u00a0Taru Haapala, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid \/ University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4\u202f(taru.k.s.haapala@jyu.fi)\u202f &amp; Petri\u00a0Koikkalainen, University of Lapland (petri.koikkalainen@ulapland.fi)<\/p>\n<p><strong>Papers<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Women who refused to sit down in an aeroplane <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Tiina Sepp\u00e4l\u00e4, University of Lapland <a href=\"mailto:tiina.seppala@ulapland.fi\">tiina.seppala@ulapland.fi<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Abstract: This presentation explores civil disobedience in the context of anti-deportation activism. I discuss two cases in which acts of civil disobedience were conducted in an effort to stop a deportation of a person on a commercial flight. The first case is related to a young Swedish woman, Elin Ersson, who refused to sit down in a plane until a deportation from Gothenburg to Afghanistan was stopped. The second concerns Aino Pennanen, the legal secretary of the Green Party parliamentary group, who refused to sit down on a Finnair flight from Helsinki to Berlin in trying to stop the deportation of an Iraqi man by Finnish authorities. Both cases occurred in July 2018, just a few days apart. In the presentation, I will reflect on their interconnectedness and similarities, but also on their differences, especially with regard to the effects. While Ersson\u2019s action indeed managed to stop the deportation flight and she gained support from other passengers in the plane, in Pennanen\u2019s case, her refusal to sit down was not able to stop the deportation, and the flight itself was delayed only for 10 minutes. The incident, however, became a huge media spectacle and one of the most commented cases of civil disobedience in Finland, thus attracting a lot of attention to the issue that Pennanen sought to promote.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Resistance in protracted armed conflicts: Civil action in the Syrian war<\/strong><br \/>\nTiina Hyypp\u00e4, University of Helsinki tiina.hyyppa@helsinki.fi<\/p>\n<p>Abstract: The research question of this paper is, is civil, non-violent action possible in a protracted conflict. By looking into the Syrian war, I examine civil action that pursues fundamental societal change and democracy while facing violent repression. Are civilians able to continue civil action and hence, decrease violence locally? I focus on local councils because their agency has not been researched in depth before. The councils have provided life-saving services, but they also have an ambiguous role as they balance under different armed actors while trying to maintain legitimacy. I provide a theoretical presentation of civil action in a sustained armed conflict. I analyze possibilities of civil action during the war in northern parts of Syria. After the Syrian forces withdrew, these areas have experienced governance under opposition, ISIS, and Turkish-backed forces. Different actors have provided varying conditions for civil action. Building on Kaplan, Pearlman, and Munif, I examine how civilians were able to carve out agency and negotiate civil action, whether in relation to armed groups, local population, or Turkey. In addition to earlier literature, the data consists of open-source material provided by the local councils. Surprisingly, civil action has been and continues to be exercised in Syria, despite of at times brutal response. Increased capabilities do not always correspond to increased legitimacy. For example, local councils in Turkish-backed areas receive resources from Turkey, but some people see them only as Turkish proxies in Syria. Another challenge is that representation is not guaranteed for all: women are often encouraged not to run, or elected women can be harassed. This creates an additional obstacle for their participation. These findings are important for policy implementers. When analyzing a protracted conflict, we should not only focus on armed actors, but to acknowledge that civilians have important agency as well.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Kansalaistottelemattomuus ja omank\u00e4denoikeus poliitikkojen puheissa<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Johan-Eerik Kukko, University of Lapland <a href=\"mailto:Johan-eerik.kukko@ulapland.fi\">Johan-eerik.kukko@ulapland.fi<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Abstract: V\u00e4it\u00f6skirjaan tulevassa artikkelissa tutkin poliitikkojen kannanottoja omank\u00e4denoikeutta harjoittaviin katupartioihin, sek\u00e4 v\u00e4kivallatonta suoraa toimintaa kannattaviin liikkeisiin tarkastelemalla laajaa media-aineistoa viiden vuoden ajalta (2015-2020) diskurssianalyysin avulla. Erityisesti analysoin poliitikkojen kantoja vuonna 2015 toimintansa aloittaneesta Soldiers of Odin -katupartioyhdistyksest\u00e4, sek\u00e4 vuonna 2018 toimintansa aloittaneesta kansalaistottelemattomuutta harjoittavasta Elokapina ymp\u00e4rist\u00f6liikkeest\u00e4. Molemmat liikkeet on sis\u00e4llytetty my\u00f6s sis\u00e4ministeri\u00f6n V\u00e4kivaltaisen ekstremismin tilannekatsaus 2020 -raporttiin. Artikkelini keski\u00f6ss\u00e4 on erityisesti, miten poliitikot ovat asettautuneet joko tukemaan tai vastustamaan liikkeit\u00e4, sek\u00e4 miten poliitikot ovat liikkeiden yhteydess\u00e4 k\u00e4ytt\u00e4neet termej\u00e4 \u201dkansalaistottelemattomuus\u201d, \u201domank\u00e4denoikeus\u201d ja \u201danarkia\u201d. Vuoden 2016 alussa eduskuntapuolueet ottivat kantaa Soldiers of Odin -katupartioryhm\u00e4n toimintaan ja esimerkiksi perussuomalaisten ajatushautomo Suomen Perusta julkaisi toukokuussa 2016 raportin, jossa pohdittiin katupartioiden laillistamista turvallisuuden parantamiseksi Suomessa. Viime vuosina kuitenkin erityisesti Keskusta ja SDP ovat vaatineet selvityst\u00e4 maahanmuuttovastaisen Soldiers of Odinin toiminnan kielt\u00e4misest\u00e4. Oikeusministeri H\u00e4kk\u00e4nen oli vuonna 2017 huolissaan kansalaistottelemattomuudesta korostaen, ett\u00e4 kansalaisten tulisi noudattaa lakeja, joita poliitikot s\u00e4\u00e4t\u00e4v\u00e4t. Oikeusministerin mukaan muutoksia t\u00e4ytyy ajaa vaalien, ei anarkian kautta. Syksyll\u00e4 2020 kristillisdemokraattien puheenjohtaja Sari Essayah puhui Elokapinasta \u201dvihre\u00e4n\u00e4 anarkiana\u201d. Kansalaisfoorumin Eero Harju on huomauttanut, ett\u00e4 Suomessa kansalaistottelemattomista radikaaleista liikkeist\u00e4 tulee ajan my\u00f6t\u00e4 salonkikelpoisia. Ent\u00e4 jos liike kuitenkin radikalisoituu ja vastarinnan muodot sis\u00e4lt\u00e4v\u00e4t niin v\u00e4kivaltaa kuin omaisuuden tuhoamista? John Rawlsin klassisen m\u00e4\u00e4ritelm\u00e4n mukaan kansalaistottelemattomuuden t\u00e4ytyy tapahtua julkisesti, ja lakia rikotaan mahdollinen rangaistus hyv\u00e4ksyen. Kansalaistottelemattomuus rinnastuu Rawlsille poliittiseen puheeseen ja lain rikkomisen t\u00e4ytyy olla viimeinen k\u00e4ytett\u00e4viss\u00e4 oleva keino. Teoreettisen viitekehyksen tutkimukselleni muodostaa uudet teoreettiset keskustelunavaukset, joissa Rawlsin kansalaistottelemattomuuden m\u00e4\u00e4ritelm\u00e4\u00e4 on haastettu, sek\u00e4 omank\u00e4denoikeuteen kohdistunut tutkimus.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Suomalainen kansanvaltainen legalismi pohjoismaisessa kontekstissa<\/strong><br \/>\nPetri Koikkalainen, Lapin yliopisto petri.koikkalainen@ulapland.fi &amp; Johan Strang, Helsingin yliopisto johan.strang@helsinki.fi<\/p>\n<p>Abstract: Vaikka Suomen historiassa on monia levottomia ja ep\u00e4vakaita jaksoja, on suomalaisessa poliittisessa retoriikassa tyypillist\u00e4 julistautua laillisten ja s\u00e4\u00e4nn\u00f6nmukaisten toimintatapojen vankkumattomaksi kannattajaksi. My\u00f6s suhtautuminen esimerkiksi joukkovoimaan ja kansalaistottelemattomuuteen on ollut pid\u00e4ttyv\u00e4mp\u00e4\u00e4 kuin useissa Euroopan maissa tai muissa Pohjoismaissa. Luku kuvaa \u201dtasavaltalaisen demokraatisen legalismin\u201d synty\u00e4 ja muotoutumista Suomessa 1930-luvulta 60-luvulle. Ajatteluperinteen vahvuus selitt\u00e4\u00e4 osaltaan my\u00f6s hitautta, jolla kansalaistottelemattomus tai sille sukua oleva yleisten ihmisoikeuksien idea ovat l\u00e4p\u00e4isseet suomalaisen poliittisen keskustelun. Sijoitamme Suomen pohjoismaiseen kontekstiin ja tarkastelemme eroja politiikan ja lain suhteen ymm\u00e4rt\u00e4misess\u00e4 maissa, jotka ovat poliittiselta kulttuuriltaan monin tavoin samankaltaisia. Luvun prim\u00e4\u00e4riaineistona k\u00e4ytet\u00e4\u00e4n suomalaisia puolueohjelmia sek\u00e4 suomalaista ja pohjoismaista oikeudellista ja oikeusfilosofista kirjallisuutta. Niiden valossa voidaan tarkastella ainakin seuraavien tekij\u00f6iden vaikutusta kansanvaltaisen legalismin perinteeseen: 1) 1930-luvulla vahvistunut pohjoismainen suuntaus, joka korosti tasavaltaa ja kansanvaltaisuutta vastareaktiona totalitarismille Saksassa ja Neuvostoliitossa; 2) toisen maailmansodan j\u00e4lkeen korostuneet laillisuuden vaatimukset vastauksena kommunistisen radikalismin muodostamaan uhkaan erityisesti aseveliakselin ja maalaisliiton politiikassa; 3) institutionaalisen ja oikeudellisen ajattelun pohjoismainen perinne, jota Suomessa ilment\u00e4\u00e4 esimerkiksi erillisen perustuslakituomioistuimen puuttuminen ja siksi demokraattisen politiikan v\u00e4hint\u00e4\u00e4nkin muodollinen etusija perustuslakiin n\u00e4hden.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Self-government and civil disobedience: An alternative view of European democracy <\/strong>Taru Haapala, Autonomous University of Madrid \/ University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 <a href=\"mailto:taru.k.s.haapala@jyu.fi\">taru.k.s.haapala@jyu.fi<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Abstract: This paper explores the concept of civil disobedience as a political act in the context of European democracy. To broaden the view originating from democratic politics and social movements, this chapter proposes to re-think civil disobedience as a special tool for politicizing, or raising issues on the political agenda, also beyond the expectations and principles of liberal democracy. Contemporary cases of challenging European liberal democracy, such as the Catalan separatism supporters and German far-right activists, show that claims for civil disobedience in the name of democracy can challenge the boundaries of a polity to make room for new debates and interpretations. The chapter also discusses theoretical and historical approaches to civil disobedience while showing that it can have connections to the concept of self-government. Both ideas came together in the \u2018militant supranationalist\u2019 political tactics of the Union of European Federalists, a postwar movement which was designed to make traditional politics redundant. Although the movement became dispersed during the Cold War, its core ideas became influential in the European integration project.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Liberal democracy assumes the existence of more or less codified rules that tell how political dissent and protest\u00a0should be expressed. In addition to regular institutional participation and campaigning, &#8217;permitted&#8217;\u00a0tools\u00a0include demonstrations, boycotts, strikes, and the like, as long as laws, physical property and personal space are not violated. A more controversial zone consists of tactics such &hellip; <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs2.abo.fi\/statsvetardagarna2021\/democratic%e2%80%afand-undemocratic-resistance\/\" class=\"more-link\">Forts\u00e4tt l\u00e4sa<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> \u201dDemocratic\u202fand Undemocratic Resistance (Tuesday)\u201d<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":573,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-413","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs2.abo.fi\/statsvetardagarna2021\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/413","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs2.abo.fi\/statsvetardagarna2021\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs2.abo.fi\/statsvetardagarna2021\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs2.abo.fi\/statsvetardagarna2021\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/573"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs2.abo.fi\/statsvetardagarna2021\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=413"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/blogs2.abo.fi\/statsvetardagarna2021\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/413\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":496,"href":"https:\/\/blogs2.abo.fi\/statsvetardagarna2021\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/413\/revisions\/496"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs2.abo.fi\/statsvetardagarna2021\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=413"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}